Mesopotamia

- Location: Between Tigris and Euphrates rivers

- Farming enabled city growth

- Writing: Cuneiform

- Structures: Ziggurats (temples)

- Civilizations: Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians

Ancient Egypt

- Location: Nile River

- Annual Nile floods → fertile soil

- Writing: Hieroglyphics

- Structures: Pyramids (tombs for pharaohs)

- Society: Ruled by pharaohs, strong belief in gods and afterlife

Comparison

- Both depended on rivers for farming

- Both developed writing systems and built impressive structures

- Mesopotamia: city-states; Egypt: centralized under pharaohs